The Evolving Kratom Policy Landscape Rockefeller Institute of Government

Many products on the market contain kratom, and they come in many forms. Despite their dangers, kratom products remain legal in most states, including California. Many of the people we spoke with had no history of substance abuse before ingesting kratom. "You figure 'all-plant-based,' 'all-natural.' I didn't know too much about kratom. I did not know it was that addictive."

McCurdy does support the emergency ban for now, but he wants to see further study into 7-0H, which could be banned nationally if it is federally scheduled as a Schedule 1 drug. Savchenko claims the push to ban the product at the state and federal huntington blogs level is being lobbied for by larger Kratom companies . “There should be requirements on what type of packaging, and you should have to have certificate, you know, COAs, and all the same requirements to keep the public safe in the way the products are manufactured and distributed,” she said.

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Kratom bans have also been the most frequent tool employed by localities, such as Albuquerque (NM), Kansas City (MO), Nassau County (NY), and Spokane (WA), to try to limit the presence of kratom in their communities. Kratom leaves contain two compounds, mitragynine and 7-hydromitragynine (7-OH), that can have opioid-like effects in higher doses. “There should be product formulation limitations, there should be strict labeling requirements, and there should be age restrictions on the use of any kratom product.” “We fully support regulations on kratom,” said Mac Haddow, senior public policy fellow with the industry group, the American Kratom Association. Lawmakers on Beacon Hill are currently considering several bills that would ban or regulate kratom, including one drafted with the help of the American Kratom Association. Dr. Kristin Martin, an addiction physician and chair of the American Osteopathic Associations Conjoint Committee on Addiction Medicine, said kratom is still an emerging area of research.

Christopher McCurdy, a behavioral pharmacologist at the University of Florida that has been studying Kratom for years, believes consumption patterns in the United State are different than the plant’s original use. Because the substance is not controlled, it is legal to use and carry Kratom in Mexico. Currently, Mexico does not list Kratom, nor any of its active ingredients, as controlled substances. Israel further classifies Kratom as a “dangerous drug” by the Department of Health. Because Kratom contains both of these chemicals, the drug is considered illegal. Recently, Israel passed legislation that declared Mitragynine and Hydroxymitragynine illegal in the country.

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“The 7-0H products become a very different beast from two safety standpoints. Over the past several years, the 7-0H marketed products have been produced with much higher 7-0H contents than Kratom leaves, often without the other alkaloids in it, all pressed into a pill form. Kratom products are found in smoke shops around the state. According to animal studies conducted by McCurdy and other UF researchers, certain compounds in Kratom may also be useful for treating opioid addiction, though no human trials have been performed. He said options are now available for customers looking for energizing effects at low doses, and those who want more opioid-like effects at higher doses.

“You have people who don’t have any substance use issues gravitating towards them.” “Now we’re seeing individuals who have never used anything in the past get into these products,” Stanciu said. 120,000 Pennsylvanians have dropped ACA health insurance since the loss of federal subsidies “You have everything out there being called kratom, even though it’s not kratom.”

The scientific evidence increasingly demonstrates why policymakers must distinguish between these chemically manipulated opioids and natural kratom. The FDA's scheduling recommendation and most state restrictions target concentrated and synthetic 7-OH, not natural kratom. Current law regulates the sale of natural kratom while maintaining the ban on synthetic alkaloids.

• Hopefully this work will lead to a new treatment option for people with opioid use disorder and support a path to recovery,” Joni Rutter, PhD, Director of the NIH’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, said in a press release.
• “There should be requirements on what type of packaging, and you should have to have certificate, you know, COAs, and all the same requirements to keep the public safe in the way the products are manufactured and distributed,” she said.
• “I would not go out and say that you can use the so-called natural product to an unlimited extent, but the two products are substantially different,” Steck said.
• “Its availability is a cause for concern since Los Angeles residents might use kratom without a full understanding of its risks,” the statement read.
• The mu-opioid receptor is the primary target for our bodies’ own endorphins and also opioids like morphine and fentanyl.

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